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{| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 30em; text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"|-| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-size: small; background:#ffdead;" |
THE COOL WAR|-| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:none"|
|-! style="background:#ffdead;"| Start:| June 2007| June 2007|-! style="background:#ffdead;"| Opponents|
Carbon dioxide (CO2):Supporters of the natural refrigerant CO2: Greenpeace, Deutsche Umwelthilfe, ixetic, Konvekta, SINTEF, Shecco (Alliance for CO2 Solutions)|
Chemical blends:Supporters & producers of chemical refrigerants:
Honeywell,
DuPont worldwide, with an ongoing dispute between the Alliance for CO2 Solutions supporting the uptake of sustainable CO2 Technology in passenger cars, and chemical giants developing new chemical blends. The Choice Today - New Chemical Blends or CO2
The Alliance and its supporters – scientists, [Non-governmental organization and business leaders – urge the car industry to replace high global warming chemical substances with the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide (CO2, R744 / R-744) in car cooling and heating. This, they argue, would lead to 10% less car emissions, and knock out 1% of total greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Car Air Conditioning & the Climate Change Challenge - Made Simple If CO2 Technology is applied in other sectors, such as commercial and industrial refrigeration, heat pumps for water heating etc., it may even save up to 3% of the world’s greenhouse gases.
Opponents of the Alliance claim that CO2 Technology is not cost-efficient and safe, hence seeking to postpone the global industry decision to be taken this summer to develop new chemical blends instead.
Background
The Cool War has emanated from the decision of the European Union to phase out the current high global warming refrigerant
HFC-134a in car air conditioning from January 2011 onwards. European Directive 2006/40/EC relating to emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles To comply with the legislation, carmakers have to decide today on a new refrigerant, as they typically need 3-4 years to develop and introduce a new car platform including the air conditioning system. The current total value of the car air conditioning market is estimated to be $14.5 billion in 2007.
Arguments for CO2
The Alliance for CO2 Solutions and its supporters agree that the refrigerant CO2 is:
- More environmentally friendly: with the lowest Global warming potential (GWP) of all currently used and proposed refrigerants. CO2 does not deplete the ozone layer either. Since the carbon dioxide used in car air conditioning is a recycled industrial waste product it becomes environmentally neutral. Overall, using a CO2-based air conditioning system will reduce total car emissions by 10%, thereby sparing the planet 1% of total greenhouse gases.
- More technically ready: CO2 models have been developed and tested in all climates, being now ready for mass production. They are faster to heat and cool a car, and show a superior performance in over 90% of all driving conditions.
- More cost-efficient: As a refrigerant itself, CO2 is cheap and worldwide available. The servicing of CO2 systems will be less costly and less complicated than that for present systems. For the consumer the total cost of ownership is lowest with CO2 as it will significantly cut fuel consumption by the air conditioning device. Carmakers have to make an initial investment estimated at €20 per unit, with no additional costs once CO2 Technology enters into mass production.
Arguments against CO2
Opponents in The Cool War claim that CO2 Technology is more expensive than current systems and future chemical blends as it requires the design of completely new high-pressure systems where so-called “drop-in solutions” (the adaptation of current systems to new substances) would be more cost-efficient. Their second key argument is that CO2 is toxic, leading to suffocation in high concentrations.
Both arguments are challenged, however, by the Alliance for CO2 Solutions. According to the group the initial costs of CO2 systems will be around €5 higher than drop-in solutions. Over a car’s life cycle, however, CO2 air conditioning systems will be more cost-efficient than any currently used or proposed new chemical blends. (see #Arguments_for_CO2).Regarding the issue of toxicity, CO2 has been classified as Safety Class A1 (low-toxic, non-flammable refrigerant) by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) ASHRAE Standard 34 – the highest safety class possible. As the charge of CO2 to the air conditioning systems is very small (200-400 g) there is no realistic danger for the passengers, even in case of accidental release.
Latest & Next Steps
In September 2007, the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) officially announced to use CO2 as the refrigerant in next-generation air conditioning. Other carmakers from Europe and the rest of the world may follow the German lead.
A working group at ACEA, the European carmakers’ association, is currently drafting a common position on the issue to be adopted across the whole industry by end-2007.
Positions
- Deutsche Umwelthilfe - Press Release 06 September, 2007
- Greenpeace Germany - News Release 06 September, 2007
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions - Press Release 06 September, 2007
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions - Press Release 30 July, 2007
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions - Press Release 13 June, 2007
- Deutsche Umwelthilfe - Press Release 13 July, 2007
- German Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) - Press Release 8 May, 2007
Media Coverage
- Spiegel-Online.de (06/09/2007)
- ENDS Europe Report - August edition
- International Herald Tribune (07/07/31)
- European Voice (07/07/12)
- Euractiv (07/06/26)
- Forbes (07/06/18)
References
See also
External links
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions
- R744.com Website dedicated to CO2 Technology
- Shecco
{| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 30em; text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"|-| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-size: small; background:#ffdead;" |
THE COOL WAR|-| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:none"|
|-! style="background:#ffdead;"| Start:| June 2007| June 2007|-! style="background:#ffdead;"| Opponents|
Carbon dioxide (CO2):Supporters of the natural refrigerant CO2: Greenpeace, Deutsche Umwelthilfe, ixetic, Konvekta, SINTEF, Shecco (Alliance for CO2 Solutions)|
Chemical blends:Supporters & producers of chemical refrigerants:
Honeywell,
DuPont worldwide, with an ongoing dispute between the Alliance for CO2 Solutions supporting the uptake of sustainable CO2 Technology in passenger cars, and chemical giants developing new chemical blends. The Choice Today - New Chemical Blends or CO2
The Alliance and its supporters – scientists, [Non-governmental organization and business leaders – urge the car industry to replace high global warming chemical substances with the natural
refrigerant carbon dioxide (CO2, R744 / R-744) in car cooling and heating. This, they argue, would lead to 10% less car emissions, and knock out 1% of total
greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Car Air Conditioning & the Climate Change Challenge - Made Simple If CO2 Technology is applied in other sectors, such as commercial and industrial refrigeration, heat pumps for water heating etc., it may even save up to 3% of the world’s greenhouse gases.
Opponents of the Alliance claim that CO2 Technology is not cost-efficient and safe, hence seeking to postpone the global industry decision to be taken this summer to develop new chemical blends instead.
Background
The Cool War has emanated from the decision of the European Union to phase out the current high global warming refrigerant HFC-134a in car air conditioning from January 2011 onwards. European Directive 2006/40/EC relating to emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles To comply with the legislation, carmakers have to decide today on a new refrigerant, as they typically need 3-4 years to develop and introduce a new car platform including the air conditioning system. The current total value of the car air conditioning market is estimated to be $14.5 billion in 2007.
Arguments for CO2
The Alliance for CO2 Solutions and its supporters agree that the refrigerant CO2 is:
- More environmentally friendly: with the lowest Global warming potential (GWP) of all currently used and proposed refrigerants. CO2 does not deplete the ozone layer either. Since the carbon dioxide used in car air conditioning is a recycled industrial waste product it becomes environmentally neutral. Overall, using a CO2-based air conditioning system will reduce total car emissions by 10%, thereby sparing the planet 1% of total greenhouse gases.
- More technically ready: CO2 models have been developed and tested in all climates, being now ready for mass production. They are faster to heat and cool a car, and show a superior performance in over 90% of all driving conditions.
- More cost-efficient: As a refrigerant itself, CO2 is cheap and worldwide available. The servicing of CO2 systems will be less costly and less complicated than that for present systems. For the consumer the total cost of ownership is lowest with CO2 as it will significantly cut fuel consumption by the air conditioning device. Carmakers have to make an initial investment estimated at €20 per unit, with no additional costs once CO2 Technology enters into mass production.
Arguments against CO2
Opponents in The Cool War claim that CO2 Technology is more expensive than current systems and future chemical blends as it requires the design of completely new high-pressure systems where so-called “drop-in solutions” (the adaptation of current systems to new substances) would be more cost-efficient. Their second key argument is that CO2 is toxic, leading to suffocation in high concentrations.
Both arguments are challenged, however, by the Alliance for CO2 Solutions. According to the group the initial costs of CO2 systems will be around €5 higher than drop-in solutions. Over a car’s life cycle, however, CO2 air conditioning systems will be more cost-efficient than any currently used or proposed new chemical blends. (see
#Arguments_for_CO2).Regarding the issue of toxicity, CO2 has been classified as Safety Class A1 (low-toxic, non-flammable refrigerant) by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) ASHRAE Standard 34 – the highest safety class possible. As the charge of CO2 to the air conditioning systems is very small (200-400 g) there is no realistic danger for the passengers, even in case of accidental release.
Latest & Next Steps
In September 2007, the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) officially announced to use CO2 as the refrigerant in next-generation air conditioning. Other carmakers from Europe and the rest of the world may follow the German lead.
A working group at ACEA, the European carmakers’ association, is currently drafting a common position on the issue to be adopted across the whole industry by end-2007.
Positions
- Deutsche Umwelthilfe - Press Release 06 September, 2007
- Greenpeace Germany - News Release 06 September, 2007
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions - Press Release 06 September, 2007
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions - Press Release 30 July, 2007
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions - Press Release 13 June, 2007
- Deutsche Umwelthilfe - Press Release 13 July, 2007
- German Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) - Press Release 8 May, 2007
Media Coverage
- Spiegel-Online.de (06/09/2007)
- ENDS Europe Report - August edition
- International Herald Tribune (07/07/31)
- European Voice (07/07/12)
- Euractiv (07/06/26)
- Forbes (07/06/18)
References
See also
External links
- Alliance for CO2 Solutions
- R744.com Website dedicated to CO2 Technology
- Shecco